Social Mention Defined Essay Example for Free

societal Mention Defined EssaySocial Mention Social media is serves as an outlet for public relations practitioners to provide around the clock management for clients and publics. Cites like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are just a few of the friendly media joyrides that are used to maintain relationships with publics and build print names. The hassle of managing a variety of complaisant media pages has produced the need for social media management tools. Social media management tools available are used to help further manage social media relationships and monitor success and failures of clients in social media. Social Mention is a management tool analyzes different content from a multitude of social media networks at one time. Public relations practitioners can use this tool to evaluate clients relationships with publics on various social networks and measure their presence online. PR professionals utilize this tool to gauge the success of a brand, client, organization or product. This tool on the wholeows for industrious and easy access to social media crisis management in order to maintain a positive image.Social Mention provides information such as the come of users discussing a topic and what time of day a particular subject is being discussed. The tool provides in time reports covering what is going on at that exact moment in social media. Social Mention is a beneficial tool in the PR field. The tool provides reports describing categories such as strength, sentiment, peevishness and reach. Strength measures the possibility of a client being discussed in social media. The calculation for strength is simply the get of mentions of a keyword over the hours of a day. feeling determines the positive and negative ratio of a client referenced in social media. Passion is the measurement of how likely a clients brand will be discussed repeatedly. Reach is the category that determines how many users the specific topic reaches and can potentially reac h via social media. Reach is found by the number of authors referring to the specified word over the number of times it is mentioned. The different categories allow a user to tailor their image to improve positive popularity in social media.Social mention provides alerts to users e-mail accounts upon relevant updates regarding clients or brands of interest. Unfortunately, the updates only recognize keywords noted about a particular topic and disregard the context of the keywords. hence some notifications are unnecessary. Across the Internet PR practitioners take advantage of the benefits Social Mention has to offer. Bloggers rave about the efficiency and convenience of managing social networks all in one place. Healthy resource launched a PR social media campaign based on the information gathered by Social Mention.The political party used the feedback given on social networks to configure a campaign that would improve the Healthy Choice brand image in consumers minds. erst Healt hy Choice improved social media relationships with its publics, social media involvement with the company skyrocketed. After offering a coupon on the Healthy Choice Facebook page, likes increase from under 10,000 to over 60,000. Social Mention helped Healthy Choice reach out to its publics and respond to their feedback. The data gathered from Social Mention provided Healthy Choice with the material it needed to increase the companys popularity and improve the brand name.

Perfect competition V. Monopolies Essay Example for Free

Perfect competition V. Monopolies EssayIn the American Economy, handicraft is controlled by the government and the consumer. When a person is the owner of a business that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you have sole control over price. Monopolies are regulated by the government in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has. If a person can only get washout, for example from one ancestry. Then the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because then there would be competition. Also, the store would not have to produce a better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this situation the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store. organisation regulates monopolies to promote a perfect competition economy and to get rid of the turkey situation discussed above. The be nefits of a perfect competition economy benefit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy all of the stores have turkey.Now the stores want to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the crush turkey and cost the least. In this situation they are competing for the consumers business. However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the government. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the businesss requests.For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to keep Microsoft from being the big business that it is today. So, in conclusion, a perfect competition economy makes benefits for the consumer. Likewise, a monopolistic economy makes benefits for the business owner. On the flip side, a pe rfect competition shows drawbacks for the business owner and a monopolistic economy shows drawbacks for the consumer. The best way to run an economy is to have a balance between the two options. Americas economy does this.

Export Oriented Industrialization In Developing Countries

Export Oriented Industrialization In Developing CountriesOne of the let on indicators, of frugal victimisation of a country, is its level of industrial enterprise. That is, as many empirical investigations proved the chief(prenominal) reason for increased divergence in living standards mingled with the advanced countries and the growth countries is their level of industrialization. This being the fact, it is only after decolonization and end of world War II that, developing countries consciously adopted industrialization strategies for stinting tuition purposes and as a solution, from their vulnerable dependence on grapple of few primary products and import of high valued manufactured goods (Brisbane, 1980). The economic crisis terms of swop in international merchandise for primary goods from former colonies and the determination to get out of severe poverty and register sustained growth, were the main reasons for the variegation of the narrow structure of the colonial economy.Industrialization is beneficial for developing countries for many reasons including the following (i) it reduces their vulnerable dependence (ii) it speeds up their economic growth touch on (iii) it modernize the economy done spill over or externalities effects associated with industrialization, from advanced countries (iv) create more employment for the vast population in campestral agricultural sector and accelerate income growth which is used as a means to re-distribute income to the impoverished masses and (v) generate more orthogonal currency through exporting which reduces balance of payment problems (Brisbane, 1980).As Brisbane explained, to industrialize, developing countries adopted import substitution strategies from about 1945 to the 1970s. Import substitution strategy is designed to produce few luxury consumer goods for interior(prenominal) consumption behind a very high tariff wall. However, most countries which followed the import substitution strateg y fai guide, to meet the goal of industrialization, plot of ground spectacular growth and development was reported from developing countries that pursued an export oriented strategy, in the 1970s.Defined simply, export-oriented Industrialization (EOI) often termed as export led industrialization (ELI) is a indemnity designed for the purpose of speeding up the industrialization process of a country through exporting goods for which the nation has a pro fateal advantage. This constitution requires countries to open up their domestic help market to foreign competition in return to acquiring access to international market. In gild to promote EOI and ultimately economic development, complementary policies in relation to tariffs, trade, deepen rate, and others pauperization to be adopted and employed.This paper leave behind critically examine how export oriented industrialization is essential for economic growth in developing countries, if it can be backed up by appropriate polic ies on trade, industrial insurance and exchange rate indemnity, geared for that purpose. The paper in addition bespeaks that export oriented industrialization has its own drawbacks. Thus, the essay is structured as follows In surgical incision 2, It the paper analyses the significance of policies on the functioning of EOI, particularly trade policy, industrial policy and exchange rate policy that developing countries deficiency to adopt and identifies areas where government intervention is needed to bring economic development. It then explains the drawbacks of export oriented industrialization, on export dependence countries, in Section 3. Then section 4, by trial and error examines how EOI contributes to economic development and the conclusions are presented in section 5.2. Significance of Policies on EOIThe mathematical function of complementary policies for strongness of export oriented industrialization is undeniable. This paper focuses generally on how trade, industria l and exchange rate policies can support EOI policy.2.1 pile policyAppropriate trade policy is one of the key weapons used for effective of export oriented industrialization and for economic development, in general. That is, the better trade policy a country has, the better chance it has for industrial diversification, creating value added products and getting more income from export.Theoretical contextEven if, there has been little consensus on the relationship between trade and short- to medium -term economic growth-and change surface less on its role in long term economic development. The principle of comparative degree degree advantage, which prescribe countries to specialize as to their factor endowment, first described by David Ricardo, forms the speculative basis for traditional trade system and provides the rationale for free trade. The principle states that even if a country produced all goods more cheaply than other countries, it would advantage by specializing in th e export of its relatively cheapest good (or the good in which it has a comparative advantage)(Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 10). And some classical economists believed that the principal base for this principle is the variance in factor endowments among countries determine the relative cost of outturn.However, this traditional theory from classical economists has been challenged as it doesnt explain well the actual trade patterns and as the theory has unrealistic assumptions, like perfect competition, full employment etc (Murray Gibbs 2007). In addition to the unrealistic assumptions, in real situations the theory favors advanced countries, and developing countries hardly emolument anything from it. The controversial Singer Prebisch thesis, also explained this situation by stating that it is the center that gets all the benefits of international trade while the periphery gets nothing, which opposes to the Ricardian Theory of Comparative Advantage. He argued disposed the differences in the existing economic, productive and labor market structures between the periphery and the center (in the application of technology in traded goods and in the market structures oligopoly vs. competitive) less-developed countries cannot benefit from international market, if they adopt comparative advantage doctrine (Todaro and Smith 2009).This is because developing countries usually produce and export primary products which eat lower terms of trade. And the scope for diversification is too narrow, and these conditions put developing countries to have vulnerable dependence on international market.Thus, unlike the classical economists static comparative advantage doctrine, dynamic comparative advantage is a better option for developing countries. This is because as more innovation, technology, capital, and other requirements for industrializations are met and as industrialization happens in developing countries, it will be easier to diversify their economic structure, as manufacture d goods have better terms of trade than primary products.Skarstein (2007) in his paper Free Trade A drained End for Underdeveloped Economies,criticized the comparative advantage doctrine. He argued, what matters most in international trade is the absolute advantage that countries get out of it than a comparative advantage. And empirical evidences show that the doctrines of comparative advantage and free trade benefit the advanced countries only. This is mainly because the doctrines are likely to exclude international learning among countries. Particularly, the WTO agreement, Trade related in branchectual property rights (TRIPS), which is a big challenge developing countries to acquire technology, skill and international learning from the rest of the world.He also argued, for a trade policy to function effectively, developing countries have to make sure that, this policy is well corporate with their industrial policy. And in addition to these, developing countries have to get suppo rt from advanced countries, through reduced import tariffs for goods from developing countries and by giving developing countries a chance to protect their industries and to get unprovoked access to international market. He also stressed that, developing countries have to ensure that food certificate is maintained in their countries, as it keeps them safe from their foreign account, balance of payment problems as well. Thus, governments of developing countries have to protect agricultural production for consumption.Therefore, while designing policies, developing countries have to consider the dynamic comparative advantage or absolute advantage options. In addition to this, they also have to consider how their economic integration to the world economy should be in support of EOI.2.2 Industrial policyA proper industrial policy is also another important tool for effective export oriented industrialization, as a countrys industrialization depends on how individual domestic firms are pr otected. This is because, it is individual firms that innovate and harness technological change and compete in the world market (Suranovic, 2002).The basic policy component of industrial policy for developing countries is babe industry protection. It is a necessary condition, because newly emerging firms in developing countries need some policy to help them grow strong and to safeguard them from intrusion of foreign firms in their market, that have a prejudicial effect on their growth. Infant industries in developing countries can mainly be protected through import tariff mechanism, which reduce imports from the rest of the world and raises demand and production of domestic product. This protection enables the domestic firms to cover their higher production costs and to remain in business. Depending on the nature of the firm, sister industry protection strategy will help the domestic firms to produce efficiently and to be competent in international markets.However, in order to u se the infant industry protection policy as a tool for export oriented industrialization, government of developing countries need to have reliable information about what industry to protect, how large the production tariffs need to be and over what period the tariffs will be reduced and eliminated. Because import tariffs have to be gradually reduced and eliminated, to increase efficiency of domestic firms.A complementary policy component to infant industry protection in export oriented industrialization is export promotion. This component stimulates export and allows the infant industry to have access to international market, while Infant industry protection policy allows the new domestic firm to grow strong.For industrial policy to be effective it has to be complemented by competition policy, as some regulations are required for the competition among domestic firms and simultaneously, as there is a need for policy to protect the domestic firms from intrusion of foreign firms in the ir market.A coherent execution of industrial policy requires a coordinated approach to trade policies. This is because trade policies are designed usually in accordance with a countrys trade negotiations, which include policies related to investment, tariff, Intellectual property, and others.The effectiveness of tariffs as a tool for industrialization is also linked to the monetary policy framework within which it operates. When the capital account is liberalized control over exchange rates may be lost and the appreciation of exchange rates can obviously undermine export competitiveness and the impact of tariff protection (Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 19).2.3. Exchange rate policyThe role of exchange rate policy in the success of export oriented industrialization strategy is undeniable. Exchange rate is a policy on the level of exchange rate of a countrys currency. The main challenge in formulating the exchange rate policy is in keeping balance between maintaining exchange rate stability a nd maintaining export price competitiveness, which requires devaluation. Devaluation increases the value of imports, while it gives options for exporters to choose either to reduce the prices of their products or to keep them as they are, to increase their profit margin. Thus, devaluation, at a cost of higher inflation, enables domestic industries to be competent internationally, by keeping the volume of import down and by raising the volume of export (domestic output) higher. The role of government in controlling inflation, to stabilize the economy is very essential, here. Thus, this phenomenon in addition to supporting the export oriented industrialization process it helps countries to ameliorate their current account balance in Balance of payment problem (Jacob, Atta Keith R., Jefferis Ita, Mannathoko and Pelani, Siwawa-Ndai 2000)3. Drawbacks of Export dependenceA country is dependent on export, if export constitutes the largest portion of its gross domestic products. However, even if EOI strategy contributes for economic development, the extent to which this strategy is applied has to be considered for various reasons. To mention some of them, as dependency theorists argue first, export dependent developing countries cause chaos on the long-term economic planning capacity of a nation-state (Barratt-Brown Prebisch) as these countries have little or no control over the market, to allow sustained economic growth through stable revenue. Second, Income from export is not a reliable source for economic development for developing countries. As many of the export oriented industrializations in these countries are owned by multinational corporations, and large portion of revenue from much(prenominal) sources are not repatriated, to be used for re-investment (Jaffee, 1985).4. Empirical evidenceSkarstein, 2007 paper Free Trade A Dead End for Underdeveloped Economies, showed the empirical evidences on EOIs contribution for miraculous economic development of the As ian tigers and the now developed countries. It mainly showed the relationship between economic development and effective implementation of infant industries protection policy and export promotion policy.In support of this, it is argued, that many people have argued that Infant industry protection was precisely the industrial development strategy that was pursued by countries like the US and Germany during their rapid industrial development before the turn of the 20th century. Both the US and Germany had high tariffs during their industrial revolution periods. These tariffs helped protect fledgling industries from competition with more efficient firms in Britain and may have been the necessary requirement to stimulate economic growth (Suranovic 2002)Bairoch also analyzed data and concluded that the different the effect of free trade on developed and developing countries is. In all the cases he analyzed, free trade has a positive effect on developed countries while it lets the least d eveloped countries to suffer. He mentioned that United Kingdom registered its fastest growth during the period (1860 1880). In those cases he analyzed, how effective import tariffs for developing countries were in their economic development (Bairoch, 1972, p. 211).In his paper, Skarstein, illustrated, with detailed data how the East Asian tigers used industrialization policy for their economic development. That is first by implementing a policy of protected import substitution and then, as their industries grow competent, by shifting their industrialization strategy to export oriented industrialization, with a slow reduction of import barriers for industrial good. And, at the same time, how implementing high import protection for their agriculture helped them to maintain food security and helped their success in industrializationThe miraculous performance of the East and South East Asian countries during 1970s to 1990s cannot be analyzed without considering the connection between t he export -oriented policies and economic growth. In the Newly Industrialized Economies from East and South East Asia, the general macroeconomic policies as well as selective export promotion policies facilitated the high export and economic growth. Following their path China and India also changed their policy stance in favor of export oriented policies and travel on the high growth trajectories.5. ConclusionsIn sum industrialization is a key process for developing countries for economic development. However, as many economists agree, the process of economic development is very complex, as it depends on large number of variables such as political system, socio economic structure, capital accumulation (both physical and human), trade, price fluctuations, and income distribution, and even more on geographical characteristics. As such, while export oriented industrialization contributes to economic growth, it is not necessarily indispensable to the growth and development of developing countries.As explained in this essay, EOI can be one of the key strategies to register economic growth. And in order for it to function effectively it has to be supported by appropriate components of the policy like infant industry protection strategy, competition policy, export promotion strategy and others. More specifically, it requires well functioning and well integrated macroeconomic policies like trade policy, industrial policy, exchange rate policy, investment policy, tariff policy and others. Government intervention also plays a key role in making the export oriented industrialization effective for economic development.Examined empirical evidences also reveal that Export-oriented Industrialization was particularly the characteristic of the economic development of the Asian Tigers Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore in the post World War II period . In addition to Asian Tigers, evidences also tell how EOI strategy contributed for the economic development of US, Ger many and others, who are now in developed world category. However, though the role of export oriented industrialization in economic development is undeniable, countries have to also carefully consider its share in the gross domestic product, as larger export dependence has a negative effect on economic growth.

Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Toyota

Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Factors Influencing ToyotaThe companionship that has been chosen for the purpose of this assignment is the Toyota Corporation and the product that would be highlighted during this story is dismissal to be the Toyota Camry 2007 model. It is necessary to differentiate the difference between what argon microeconomic factors and what atomic number 18 largeeconomic factors, the micro aim economic factors are something that the association poop exercise some level of control and can influence this environment to a certain degree just now macroeconomic factors are such in nature that the company is un sufficient to influence them by any means what so ever. On the literally terms, micro means small level and macro means on a larger scale. (Wessels, 2000).There are many factors that affect any company both on the micro as well as the macroeconomic level and it is of essence that companies realize these factors and potential factors so that they can su rvive in the long term, these factors are divided into dickens parts oneness is the consumers and the other is the company itself. (Samuelson, 2001). The microeconomic factors that affect a company or a product arePrice worth is one of the single most if not the most important factor to be considered by the company in terms of microeconomic factors that affect the company. Price of a good determines the grocery store share, what target market the product is trying to tap in to and how much of the good is going to be demanded and how much of it is going to be supplied by the company. (Samuelson, 2001). The price of a good determines if the consumers think that the product is worth buying or even worth contemplating upon, if prices are irrational for modelling a pie for $250 accordingly the demand is close certainly going to be negligible if not non-existent for this kind of product. The price is and can be influenced by the company by managing its supply effectively. Another i mportant consideration that needs to be taken care of is the competitive prices in the economy for example if Honda Accord is priced between $18000-$20000 thusly the Toyota Camry needs to be priced in the similar range because they are very close competitors in the US market, if Honda Accord prices its product lower than the Toyota Camry because it is almost certainly going to be able to get a larger pie of the target market given that all other things are kept regular or ceteris paribus rule applies.Opportunity Cost The consideration of opportunity cost is extremely important when one talks ab step up microeconomic factors, if Toyota Camry increases its prices therefore flock would have to give up more coin in order to purchase the same good i.e. their opportunity costs goes higher. (Wessels, 2000). This is where the concept of value for ones money steps in, if Camry is charging its customers $18000 then its value or its perceived value should be worth $18000 to the customer or else the customer would spend the $18000 where he or she deems that they would be much better spent. This is where the concept of studying the consumer comes in. (Lipsey, 2002). The concepts of price elasticity comes in here as well, if a small positive change in the price of Camry decreases the units demanded for Camry then Camry is highly price elastic but if the change in price only results in a small change in the units demanded then it is inelastic and it can afford to increase its prices. (Samuelson, 2001). Cross elasticity is where Honda Accord decreases its prices and it affects the sales of the Toyota Camry, in this case it would be highly cross elastic but if no change or only a very minute change occurs then it is not cross elastic.Consumer Behavior Consumers are people that at last make or break a company, this is why they need to be studied and understood because they are a very potent force as far as the business is concerned. (Samuelson, 2001). Camry should unders tand what the consumers are looking for when they are making a finding to buy a car, is it safety? Is it durability? Is the arouse force? Or is it all of the things mentioned before? When these questions have been answered and Camry has decided what market segment it is going to be in then it needs to position itself accordingly. one snip this has been taken care of the company would then need to communicate what it stands for to the consumer (Glass, 2010) so that the consumer understands what the company is offering and matches the benefits that are being offered to the prices that are being demanded and make the decision whether to buy or not. (Lipsey, 2002).Another consideration that is extremely important for Toyota is that the costs of the cars that it is manufacturing should be at the lowest levels possible so that it gets the highest possible profits from each unit that is sold. How can the costs be controlled? There are a variety of factors into consideration when costs are involved, first of all Toyota should build strategical partnerships with all its vendors so that they are on board with the company strategy and are aware of what the company is trying to achieve. (Glass, 2010). Secondly it should increase the plant efficiency and also have a look at its processes and implement cost cutting measures where ever it can but most importantly the workers have to be trained to be efficient so that they are on board with the companys policies as well. (Samuelson, 2001). If the costs are too high for Toyota then certainly so would be the prices of Camry and hence this would render the product unsuccessful because competitive brand would be able to capture a larger market share and may also be able to drive Camry out of business.Competition as highlighted above always has bearings on the company and its decisions and hence in a microeconomic environment the company has to keep a tab on the competition as well and analyze what they are doing and be able to predict what their next move is going to be and try to be one step ahead of the competition at all times (Glass, 2010), although the company cannot influence its competition directly but it can take measures that can affect the competition in a positive as well as a negative fashion. (Donburch, 1988). For example if Honda announces that it would launch a an Accord in 2012 that would be extremely fuel efficient but at the same time it would be able to break the sound barrier, then Toyota has to come up with a product that is equivalent to that Accord if not better.The second part of this publisher deals with factors at the macroeconomic level, these factors are beyond the control of any of the firms and these are in a way given or handed down by the state of the economy and are largely dependent on the government policies and the economic structure that is prevalent in the environment that the company is operating in, for example Toyota Corporation in the US would not be able to determine the exchange rate of the dollar because that is more dependent on the US governments policies and the decisions that are taken within the economic environment by that government. (Wessels, 2000).Interest rates Interest rates in an economy determine whether people are going to save more or spend more, when the gratify rates are high people would prefer to save rather than spend but if the interest rates are low in the economy then people would prefer to spend their money rather than save it. (Donburch, 1988). The exact inverse is uncoiled when it comes to borrowing from banks or other financial institutions, people tend to take loans when the interest rates are lower and would prefer not to loan out money when interest rates are higher. (Donburch, 1988). How is Toyota affected by the interest rates prevalent within in the economy? If Toyota is to set up a new plant it is definitely going to need a loan to set up the plant, when would Toyota prefer to take the loan? When the interest rates are on the lower side and hence this macroeconomic factor affects the strategy of the company. (Wessels, 2000).Taxes Toyota would prefer to set up a plant where the corporate taxes are on the lower side so that it enables the company to earn higher profits for its stakeholders, however the taxes or the tax regime is developed by the government and Toyota has no say in it.Employment Employment or the ability of the workforce to fulfill the requirements of the Toyota Corporation is another important element. Toyota cannot train the whole workforce or it cannot provide for itself employees all by itself, the government has to provide for the people basic education and training (Donburch, 1988) so there is enough work-force available to work for the Toyota Corporation. duty cycles or cyclical trends of the economy also have a bearing on the Toyota Corporation for example economy can experience growth and it can also experience stagnation and this would directly affect the sales of the Toyota Camry but this is something that the company has no control over and is not able to influence it. (Lipsey, 2002). pretension is another important element when talking about macroeconomic factors, inflation is the general increase in the price levels within an economy (Donburch, 1988) and if prices increase then the costs for Toyota also would increase and some of these costs or in some cases all of it would be transferred on to the customers of the company.ConclusionIn conclusion, both macro and micro levels have an important bearing on the company but at the micro level the company should influence the factors in its favor and at the macro level the company should be able to predict the future trends and be adaptive. (Lipsey, 2002).

Age Discrimination Against Elderly Workers Social Work Essay

Age Discrimination Against Elderly Workers Social Work EssayIn this position sheet, I will discuss about age unlikeness against time-worn figureers in Singapore and go into how they are treated differently in the high ordination in unemployment and employment state. This is to find out whether the young subject fielders have an unfair advantage over sr. worker with respect to employment and salary prospect. The aspects that leave behind to the problem of age variety will also be covered in this paper. The regime stance and public perceptions show on how to tackle the problem.thither are many examples of prejudice and divergence in our society and in the world we live in. These prejudices can lead to discrimination and create fractures in society and situations where passel are denied access to equal rights enjoyed by new(prenominal)s. Discrimination against persons of a certain age group is one of the examples that should be focused on, where age was instanced as the to p evidence for discrimination with the portion of 29%.Age Discrimination in SingaporeElderly workers are usually the one neglected and dumbfound an unfair treatment in terms of employment. Employers can discriminate by age across several areas such as wages, promotions, hiring, firing and layoff and force retirement. The grounds why I choose this particular community is that there is politic strong discrimination against elderly worker. In fact, most of the elderly workers always vitrine some difficulties in finding professions which disadvantaged them in their social lives. Most job requirements prefer younger workers as they think older workers lack or energy, flexibility, or adaptability compared to younger worker and yet there is no any legal action takes from the government, against employers who discriminate.Moreover, the employers may think that elderly workers are unable to work on the Information Technology or may given the excuses of too slow in working progress and thus, using this as a reason to reject or sack them. The employers are also trying to use the reason of poor work performance although the main reason of firing the elderly worker is age discrimination.Implication of Age DiscriminationAging population is one of the problems that always concern in Singapore. As good turn of elderly people keeps increasing, the employment and unemployment issues faculty increase too. Thus, it has always been a sensitive issue when it comes to providing employment to people of different age.If the unemployment issue happens to the elderly people, they will start to smack inferior where they are unable to provide family income and future financial security. Thus, this might become a kind of burden towards their children or the government.The main problem set about by the elderly worker is the health and physical conditions. These are the obstacle that faced by the elderly worker when finding job.Problem faced by employed senior citizensDifficulties faced by senior citizens seeking workFrom the table above, we are able to know that there is a high percentage of foresee difficulties in job search with the average of 90% in the age of 55 and above. Moreover, there are some reasons that caused them in difficulties in job search which relates to their age, job available too physically and mentally demanding, under-qualified and working distance between home and company. The main reason of difficulties in seeking work is because of their age with the average of 85% in the age of 55 and above.Research ExampleThe speech by Mr. Lim Boon Heng, Minister for Prime Ministers Office state that there was an issue mention about the difficulties in finding job. In spite of that, a common of complaint heard in the society is I want to work, I can work, but no one will hire me once they know my age. Or it will be the case that startle to be interviewed the older worker but last to be hired.Inequality in Age DiscriminationElderly workers are mo re in danger to job loss and longer unemployment spells, although they have lower turnover and unemployment compared with their younger counterparts. This is where inequality occurs to elderly worker in society.In June 2009, the amount of employment in the average age of 40 (255,200) is greater than the age of 55 and above (150,700). This shows that the elderly people have the lower number in employment which disadvantages the elderly people when seeking job.Gross Monthly Income from WorkThe majority of the elderly who were employed in 2009 drew gross monthly income of less than $1,500 (33.8% for those between 65 and 69 years old and 44.2% for those 70 years old and above) falling into the $500-$900. Compared to the younger worker, the income for elderly worker is rather low.Government Stance and Public PerceptionsThe government works with NTUC and the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) to set up a tripartite committee to go into discrimination problems, known as Tripar tite hamper for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP). This committee has created with revised guidelines on non-discriminatory job advertisements and a number of public and private sector employers pledged to comply with the non-discriminatory practices.Beside government stance, employers should distract age limit or age range in the job notice and making age an integral part of the application process. Training and education is also an important point to prevent discrimination against elderly worker where it encourages all employees to take the training opportunities. This training opportunity allows elderly worker manages to apprehend up the Information Technology.One of the suggestions to prevent the issue of age discrimination against elderly worker will be created a rule that certain number of elderly worker should employ in the company. This is to avoid the problems of inequality against elderly worker in the society. Thus, the number of employment in a company should be equa lly for both younger and elderly worker.Re-employment creates a win-win situation for employers and older employees in Singapore. Compare to raising the statutory retirement age, it offers greater flexibility.On the other hand, according to preliminary findings from 2009 survey by Ministry of Manpower, the vast majority of 92% of them were allowed to continue to work beyond the age of 62. 60% who were allowed to continue to work beyond 62 and 30% who were offered re-employment. These finding shows that they still value older worker.As Ralph B. Perry said Age should not have its face lifted, but it should rather larn the world to admire wrinkles as the etchings of experience and the firm line of character.ConclusionIn conclusion, job discrimination against elderly worker in Singapore still exists and the government and public perceptions have been trying very hard to solve and prevent the issue of job discrimination against elderly worker. The job discrimination creates inequality i n term of age group. This may cause social tension and threaten to Singapore aging population.The finding shows that there is noticeable age discrimination as the employment rate for older worker is not very high. However, there is still a finding that shows the employers do value older worker, this might not be a strong solution and unable to sustain in the future.In order to prevent or solve the problem of discrimination against elderly worker, Singaporeans should follow what the government stance and public perceptions that applied or suggested to the issue, where the solution given might workable in some ways.

Cigarrette Advertisements Essay -- essays research papers

Cig bette AdvertisementsAdvertisements are everywhere. After turning on the television, deep down minutes the viewer will glimpse dozens of spot ads that attempt to lure him/her to buy a certain product, join a certain club, or watch a specific show. When driving on a highway those in the vehicle will pass countless billboards urging them to stop at a particular restaurant, spend the night at a distinguished hotel, or visit enjoyable family theme parks. The most prominent form of advertisement, however, are those ads found in magazines. Magazines house numerous ads for every different product imaginable. Advertisements that promote cigarette smoking cover dozens of magazine pages each month. With a variety of brands to choose from, including Marlboro, Kool, Winston, and Newport, advertisers compete with each other to target every age, gender, and career profession to successfully convert smokers to their brand of cigarettes. Before a individual decides on what brand of cigarettes to purchase, he/she must ask and be able to answer one question Which cigarette advertisement most effectively urges wad to buy their brand of cigarettes?The first cigarette ad that is attached is that promoting Winston cigarettes. This ad, taken from Mademoiselle magazine, is predominately targeted towards women. It is a two-page advertisement that reads, &8220I wanted a light, not his tone story. Below the quote there is a round, black &8220No Bull stamp imprinted. On the opposite page there is a black and white impression of a woman smoking her cigarette. She is listening to the man sitting next to her incessantly talking. From the expression on her face the reader is able to assume that she is altogether uninterested in what he has to say. Obviously annoyed, she is thinking to herself that all she wanted was a light. The twice-mentioned &8220No Bull slogan that exists on both pages of the Winston advertisement adds great fury to the fact that Winston cigarettes contain 100 percent tobacco and no additives. Besides the fact that the advertisement is large, it also draws the reader&8217s attention through its color in scheme. A box of Winston cigarettes is colored red and white similarly, the quote is enclosed in a white box surrounded by red on both the top and the bottom, bringing further e... ...rtrayed in this advertisement in no way seemed trashy. She was not looked upon as a sex symbol or other related stereotypes pointed out in Killing Us Softly which have often been used in the past. The model was presented as being a &8220real woman. Although this real woman persona is a stereotype as well the real woman of today can relate to her in a stronger sense. With all the distinct cigarette advertisements which are present in today&8217s society it is common to vary the choice of brands to buy. With respect to the three advertisements looked at, I feel compelled to favor Winston. The Winston cigarette advertisement portrays an image of a much more co nfident and secure woman. Such an attitude is greatly desired and value by women of today. With its creativity, color, scheme, catchy quote, and relatable images the Winston advertisers successfully attract many prospective buyers. After thumbing through magazine after magazine, acknowledging the different aspects of each distinct cigarette ad, I believe that the Winston brand cigarette promotion conveys the most desired image, and is thus, in turn, the most effective advertisement.

Methods of Social Investigation :: essays research papers fc

Methods of Social InvestigationEmma WoodmanseeDescribe how you would plan and undertake an investigation into why some ofthis Colleges students do not complete their horizontal surface courses. (You have beengiven yet 100 to finance the study and one terms sabbatical.)Define the variables in the given titleAfter a Research Statement has been formulated it is very great that the searcher defines any variables within it. A variable is any word whose meaningmay be ambiguous or which could have several antithetic meanings. This is acrucial stage in the planning process as a vague title renders any results atthe end of the research without align meaning.In this case, the Research Statement is the given title Describe how you wouldplan and undertake an investigation into why some of this Colleges students donot complete their degree courses. Within this Research Statement there areseveral variables colleges, students, complete and degree courses.These variables will be defined as fo llowsColleges We will take this to mean students at Royal Hollowayand Bedford New College, University of London.Students Undergraduates on a first degree (excluding postgraduates and so on).Complete GraduateDegree courses The course for which the student originally registered.By specify the variables above there can be no confusion as to the meaning ofthe Research Statement. This process also helps the researcher to focus on the gathering of people that he wishes to study.Decide on the purpose of the researchHaving defined the variables in the Research Statement, the researcher now needsto focus his attention on the purpose of the research, and consequently lay downthe Research Objectives. This part of the planning process allows the researchertime to consider what he hopes to achieve from the research and ensures that theresearch represents his objectives.The purpose of our research is to account the reasons for students failing tocomplete the degree course for which they were or iginally admitted (variablesalready identified). The results of the research would allow the college to takeaction to encourage students to cut across their studies and could even be used toaid the selection process and perhaps prevent problems from the outset. This isthe final purpose of the research.Who is to be studiedThe researcher needs to identify the group of people upon which to base thestudy. The process is made easier by the fact that we have already defined thevariables in the Research Statement. The research group has been and so so fardefined as those students of Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Universityof London who did not graduate from the first degree course for which they