Skull Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Skull - Essay Example The prosthion is the lowermost point on the maxilla, between the two front incisors. The inion is the place on the back of the skull that is the grates t distance away from the front of the skull. Indices calculated are the index of supraorbital height, index of nuchal area height and the index of condylar conditions. The index of supraorbital height is the relationship between the distance of the Frankfort plane to the highest point of the skull and the distance of the top of the eye orbit to the top of the skull; a high number indicates a high forehead or a tall head while a low number indicates a slanted skull. The index of nuchal area is the relationship between the distance of the Frankfort plane to where the inion lies on the back of the skull and the distance of the Frankfort to the highest point on the skull; a high number indicates a short nuchal area while a low number indicates a tall nuchal area. The index of the condylar position is the relationship between the porion and the back of the skull and porion and the front of the skull; a high number indicates the foramen magnum is at the center of the skull while a low number indicates the foramen is closer to the back of the skull. The marked locations were then connected with fine lines using a sharp pencil. A line was drawn to intersect the porion and the lowest point on the lower margin of the eye orbit. A line was also drawn to from the inion, perpendicular to the line drawn above (Frankfort Plane) and the point of intersection labeled as Y. Another line was drawn from the occipital condyles perpendicular to the Frankfurt Plane and the point of intersection labeled X. Another line was drawn from the prosthion perpendicular to the Frankfort plane and the point of intersection labeled Z. Another line was drawn from the Frankfort plane to the highest point of the upper margin of the eye and the point labeled V and U. The lengths of the line were then measured,

The impact of the external factors on the British Airways Essay

The impact of the external factors on the British Airways - Essay Example The paper tells that the price and output in every industry are determined on the basis of the market structure. Market structure of an industry, in turn, is determined by the number of players in the industry which results in the level of competition in that particular industry. Market structure of an industry is defined by four basic factors. Impact of these factors result in the market competition and the price is determined accordingly. Furthermore, with the increasing level of competition, the output is determined for arriving at returns to scale with increasing efficiencies for profitability. Additionally, the differentiation is also attributed to product and service in order to refrain from price wars in the competitive environment. The market structure and power are also affected by other factors such as ease and entry in the industry, the ease of substitute, and the sensitivity of the demand etc. Similar to other industries, the airline industry is also driven by a pattern o f competition that has defined the market structure in the global aviation and airline industry. Change in the factors of competition has changed the market structure of the Airline industry. For example, Liang, in a paper, has referred to the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, control over the physical equipment, strengthened frequent flyer program etc still resist in transforming the airline industry into a perfect competition industry from its oligopoly market structure. On the other hand, the impact of the low-cost airline has further increased the heterogeneity in the market structure. Borenstein & Rose, in a paper, have referred that with reduced entry barriers and increased government support to the industry, has led the many carriers to enter the industry and create a challenging competitive environment. British Airways have taken into account the factors that have impacted the industry.